Recent studies on semi-supervised semantic segmentation (SSS) have seen fast progress. Despite their promising performance, current state-of-the-art methods tend to increasingly complex designs at the cost of introducing more network components and additional training procedures. Differently, in this work, we follow a standard teacher-student framework and propose AugSeg, a simple and clean approach that focuses mainly on data perturbations to boost the SSS performance. We argue that various data augmentations should be adjusted to better adapt to the semi-supervised scenarios instead of directly applying these techniques from supervised learning. Specifically, we adopt a simplified intensity-based augmentation that selects a random number of data transformations with uniformly sampling distortion strengths from a continuous space. Based on the estimated confidence of the model on different unlabeled samples, we also randomly inject labelled information to augment the unlabeled samples in an adaptive manner. Without bells and whistles, our simple AugSeg can readily achieve new state-of-the-art performance on SSS benchmarks under different partition protocols.

自动射线照相报告生成是一项具有挑战性的跨域任务，旨在自动生成准确和语义辅助报告以描述医学图像。尽管该领域最近取得了进展，但至少在以下方面仍然存在许多挑战。首先，射线照相图像彼此非常相似，因此很难像许多现有方法一样，使用CNN作为视觉特征提取器捕获细粒度的视觉差异。此外，语义信息已被广泛应用以提高发电任务的性能（例如图像字幕），但现有方法通常无法提供有效的医学语义功能。为了解决这些问题，在本文中，我们提出了一个记忆启动的稀疏注意区块，利用双线性池来捕获输入细粒图像特征之间的高阶相互作用，同时产生稀疏的注意力。此外，我们介绍了一个新颖的医学概念生成网络（MCGN），以预测细粒的语义概念，并将其纳入报告生成过程中。我们提出的方法在最近发布的最大基准Mimic-CXR上显示出有希望的性能。它的表现优于图像字幕和医疗报告生成中的多种最新方法。

质量功能表示是实例图像检索的关键。为了实现这一目标，现有方法通常诉诸于在基准数据集上预先训练的深度模型，或者使用与任务有关的标记辅助数据集微调模型。尽管取得了有希望的结果，但这种方法受两个问题的限制：1）基准数据集和给定检索任务的数据集之间的域差距； 2）无法轻易获得所需的辅助数据集。鉴于这种情况，这项工作研究了一种不同的方法，例如以前没有得到很好的研究：{我​​们可以学习功能表示\ textit {特定于}给定的检索任务以实现出色的检索吗？}我们发现令人鼓舞。通过添加一个对象建议生成器来生成用于自我监督学习的图像区域，研究的方法可以成功地学习特定于给定数据集的特定特征表示以进行检索。通过使用数据集挖掘的图像相似性信息来提高图像相似性信息，可以使此表示更加有效。经过实验验证，这种简单的``自我监督学习 +自我促进''方法可以很好地与相关的最新检索方法竞争。进行消融研究以表明这种方法的吸引力及其对跨数据集的概括的限制。

在这项工作中，我们建议相互分布对准（RDA）解决半监督学习（SSL），该学习是一个无主参数框架，与置信阈值无关，并与匹配的（常规）和不匹配的类别分布一起工作。分布不匹配是一个经常被忽略但更通用的SSL场景，在该场景中，标记和未标记的数据不属于相同的类别分布。这可能导致该模型不利用标记的数据可靠，并大大降低SSL方法的性能，而传统的分布对齐无法挽救。在RDA中，我们对来自两个分类器的预测分布进行了相互对准，这些分类器预测了未标记的数据上的伪标签和互补标签。携带补充信息的这两个分布可用于相互正规化，而无需任何课堂分布。此外，我们从理论上显示RDA最大化输入输出互信息。我们的方法在各种不匹配的分布以及常规匹配的SSL设置的情况下，在SSL中实现了有希望的性能。我们的代码可在以下网址提供：https：//github.com/njuyued/rda4robustssl。

单视图3D对象重建是一项基本且具有挑战性的计算机视觉任务，旨在从单视RGB图像中恢复3D形状。大多数现有的基于深度学习的重建方法都是​​在同一类别上培训和评估的，并且在处理训练过程中未见的新颖类别的物体时，它们无法正常工作。本文着眼于这个问题，解决了零照片的单视3D网格重建，以研究对看不见类别的模型概括，并鼓励模型从字面上重建对象。具体而言，我们建议一个端到端的两阶段网络Zeromesh，以打破重建中的类别边界。首先，我们将复杂的图像到网格映射分解为两个较简单的映射，即图像对点映射和点对点映射，而后者主要是几何问题，而不是对象类别的依赖。其次，我们在2D和3D特征空间中设计了局部特征采样策略，以捕获跨对象共享的局部几何形状，以增强模型概括。第三，除了传统的点对点监督外，我们还引入了多视图轮廓损失以监督表面生成过程，该过程提供了其他正则化，并进一步缓解了过度拟合的问题。实验结果表明，我们的方法在不同方案和各种指标下，特别是对于新颖对象而言，在Shapenet和Pix3D上的现有作品显着优于Shapenet和Pix3D的现有作品。

The core issue in semi-supervised learning (SSL) lies in how to effectively leverage unlabeled data, whereas most existing methods tend to put a great emphasis on the utilization of high-confidence samples yet seldom fully explore the usage of low-confidence samples. In this paper, we aim to utilize low-confidence samples in a novel way with our proposed mutex-based consistency regularization, namely MutexMatch. Specifically, the high-confidence samples are required to exactly predict "what it is" by conventional True-Positive Classifier, while the low-confidence samples are employed to achieve a simpler goal -- to predict with ease "what it is not" by True-Negative Classifier. In this sense, we not only mitigate the pseudo-labeling errors but also make full use of the low-confidence unlabeled data by consistency of dissimilarity degree. MutexMatch achieves superior performance on multiple benchmark datasets, i.e., CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, SVHN, STL-10, mini-ImageNet and Tiny-ImageNet. More importantly, our method further shows superiority when the amount of labeled data is scarce, e.g., 92.23% accuracy with only 20 labeled data on CIFAR-10. Our code and model weights have been released at https://github.com/NJUyued/MutexMatch4SSL.

Sparse local feature extraction is usually believed to be of important significance in typical vision tasks such as simultaneous localization and mapping, image matching and 3D reconstruction. At present, it still has some deficiencies needing further improvement, mainly including the discrimination power of extracted local descriptors, the localization accuracy of detected keypoints, and the efficiency of local feature learning. This paper focuses on promoting the currently popular sparse local feature learning with camera pose supervision. Therefore, it pertinently proposes a Shared Coupling-bridge scheme with four light-weight yet effective improvements for weakly-supervised local feature (SCFeat) learning. It mainly contains: i) the \emph{Feature-Fusion-ResUNet Backbone} (F2R-Backbone) for local descriptors learning, ii) a shared coupling-bridge normalization to improve the decoupling training of description network and detection network, iii) an improved detection network with peakiness measurement to detect keypoints and iv) the fundamental matrix error as a reward factor to further optimize feature detection training. Extensive experiments prove that our SCFeat improvement is effective. It could often obtain a state-of-the-art performance on classic image matching and visual localization. In terms of 3D reconstruction, it could still achieve competitive results. For sharing and communication, our source codes are available at https://github.com/sunjiayuanro/SCFeat.git.

The survival analysis on histological whole-slide images (WSIs) is one of the most important means to estimate patient prognosis. Although many weakly-supervised deep learning models have been developed for gigapixel WSIs, their potential is generally restricted by classical survival analysis rules and fully-supervision requirements. As a result, these models provide patients only with a completely-certain point estimation of time-to-event, and they could only learn from the well-annotated WSI data currently at a small scale. To tackle these problems, we propose a novel adversarial multiple instance learning (AdvMIL) framework. This framework is based on adversarial time-to-event modeling, and it integrates the multiple instance learning (MIL) that is much necessary for WSI representation learning. It is a plug-and-play one, so that most existing WSI-based models with embedding-level MIL networks can be easily upgraded by applying this framework, gaining the improved ability of survival distribution estimation and semi-supervised learning. Our extensive experiments show that AdvMIL could not only bring performance improvement to mainstream WSI models at a relatively low computational cost, but also enable these models to learn from unlabeled data with semi-supervised learning. Our AdvMIL framework could promote the research of time-to-event modeling in computational pathology with its novel paradigm of adversarial MIL.

The binding problem is one of the fundamental challenges that prevent the artificial neural network (ANNs) from a compositional understanding of the world like human perception, because disentangled and distributed representations of generative factors can interfere and lead to ambiguity when complex data with multiple objects are presented. In this paper, we propose a brain-inspired hybrid neural network (HNN) that introduces temporal binding theory originated from neuroscience into ANNs by integrating spike timing dynamics (via spiking neural networks, SNNs) with reconstructive attention (by ANNs). Spike timing provides an additional dimension for grouping, while reconstructive feedback coordinates the spikes into temporal coherent states. Through iterative interaction of ANN and SNN, the model continuously binds multiple objects at alternative synchronous firing times in the SNN coding space. The effectiveness of the model is evaluated on synthetic datasets of binary images. By visualization and analysis, we demonstrate that the binding is explainable, soft, flexible, and hierarchical. Notably, the model is trained on single object datasets without explicit supervision on grouping, but successfully binds multiple objects on test datasets, showing its compositional generalization capability. Further results show its binding ability in dynamic situations.

Gigapixel全斜面图像（WSIS）上的癌症预后一直是一项艰巨的任务。大多数现有方法仅着眼于单分辨率图像。利用图像金字塔增强WSI视觉表示的多分辨率方案尚未得到足够的关注。为了探索用于提高癌症预后准确性的多分辨率解决方案，本文提出了双流构建结构，以通过图像金字塔策略对WSI进行建模。该体系结构由两个子流组成：一个是用于低分辨率WSIS，另一个是针对高分辨率的WSIS。与其他方法相比，我们的方案具有三个亮点：（i）流和分辨率之间存在一对一的关系； （ii）添加了一个平方池层以对齐两个分辨率流的斑块，从而大大降低了计算成本并启用自然流特征融合； （iii）提出了一种基于跨注意的方法，以在低分辨率的指导下在空间上在空间上进行高分辨率斑块。我们验证了三个公共可用数据集的计划，来自1,911名患者的总数为3,101个WSI。实验结果验证（1）层次双流表示比单流的癌症预后更有效，在单个低分辨率和高分辨率流中，平均C-指数上升为5.0％和1.8％ ; （2）我们的双流方案可以胜过当前最新方案，而C-Index的平均平均值为5.1％； （3）具有可观察到的生存差异的癌症疾病可能对模型复杂性具有不同的偏好。我们的计划可以作为进一步促进WSI预后研究的替代工具。